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Dentistry in rural Alaska
There is a lack of dental care in rural Alaska because that many Alaska Natives live in rural villages, most are only accessible by boat or bush plane. There are many programs to help Alaska Natives understand the importance of dental care while helping them to receive the professional care and guidance that is needed. There are many problem issues within the rural Alaska Native population such as Tooth Disease. To help with these health issues there are dentists, as well as Dental Therapist Aides, who travel out to these villages to perform care. These programs are funded by the Federal Government and the Alaska Native Corporations.
==Oral Health==
One of the major dental problems among Alaska Natives in rural villages is Tooth Disease. Tooth Disease occurs when there is a buildup of plaque and tartar on the teeth. Plaque is the sticky mass of germs, which are bacteria found in the mouth. When plaque is left on the teeth for more than a few days it builds up a heavy growth of disease that causes bacteria, and then it rapidly starts infecting the teeth. Plaque that is left for too long turns into tartar, which is hardened plaque. Tartar then creates a layer of disease carrying germs on the teeth and gums. When it gets to the gums, it causes gum disease, which makes gums bleed easily and become swollen. If gum disease is left untreated it will cause teeth to become diseased and fall out. In these rural villages tooth and gum disease is quite often left untreated due to lack of dental care.〔(Tooth And Teeth ). Donald Urquhart, 2005. Web. 5 Apr. 2011.〕
There are a lot of factors to why tooth disease and decay occur. When teeth aren’t cleaned or don’t get the proper care, food remains stuck between the teeth, and as the food decomposes on the tooth it generates acid that then decays the teeth. Leaving food in the teeth also causes more plaque growth. Due to the lack of education apparent in those areas, rural villagers don’t care for their teeth as often as needed. Another big reason for tooth disease is consuming foods and beverages that are high in sugar and starch which cause plaque to build up and spread very quickly over the teeth, thriving on the food remains. Soda products are especially bad for teeth, because they contain so much sugar and acid, and acid eats through anything including the enamel on teeth. Some symptoms of having tooth decay include: toothache, sensitivity, mild or sharp pain when eating or drinking sweets, hot or cold, or when biting down, visible holes or pits in the teeth, a bad taste in mouth, unexpected bad breath, loss of teeth, or have pain causing a person to avoid brushing or cleaning their teeth. In addition to these symptoms, this can become very painful causing tooth disease to interfere with daily living, such as attending school or work. As decay progresses, foods may become too painful to eat, and malnutrition may occur.〔Mayo Clinic. (Cavities/tooth Decay ). Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 1998. Web. 7 Apr. 2011.〕
The Alaska Native population has one of the highest rates of oral disease in the world. Children 2 to 5 years of age have almost five times the amount of tooth decay as do children of the same age elsewhere in the United States. Children ages 6 to 14 have 4.5 times the amount, and adults are 2.5 times higher.〔Kantrowitz, Jonathan. (Oral Health Care Model in Rural Alaska Villages ). N.p., 6 Apr. 2011. Web.6 Apr. 2011.〕 There are over 200 Native Alaskan Villages, many of which are very remote. Travelling to these villages are usually by boat, airplane, or snow machine. The cost of transportation is expensive and prohibits many of the villagers from leaving to get dental care and having dental care reached out to them for more than a few weeks a year. These villages are so remote, that all of their groceries are flown in causing them to be very expensive as well and it’s really hard for these families to afford the healthy foods that they need. Another problem in these villages is not having running water that contains fluoride, which helps keep teeth healthy. All of these factors lead to poor dental health. Plus, Alaska’s rural villages don’t have the resources readily available to them, and most native populations have little to no access to education.〔W.K. Kellogg Foundation. (Dental Health Aide Therapist Program ). Michigan: Battle. Print.〕
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